Chapter 14, 22-24 and 51 Exam

Chapter 22-24: Evolution
Know these vocabulary words: homologous structures, convergent evolution, divergent evolution, genetic drift, gene flow, directional selection, stabilizing selection, artificial selection, disruptive selection, sexual selection, heterozygous advantage, geographic isolation, allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation, geographic isolation, reproduction isolation, habitat isolation/differentiation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation

What was Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics? What disproves this theory?

What are the ideas that natural selection based on?

According to Darwin, what should be true of two very closely related species?

How do drug resistant viruses arise?

Using the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium equation, the recessive phenotype is found 25% of the time in a population, what would the frequency of the recessive and dominant alleles be, as well as, the homozygous dominant and heterozygous phenotypes?

What kinds of populations are least likely to change?

How does the movement of people affect the evolution of that population?

What does survival of the fittest actually mean?

What causes genetic variation in organisms?

What are the different types of selection? what does each type lead to?

How do you determine speciation? What are the two types? Give examples of pre-zygotic and post zygotic and describe them a little

Be able to create a cladogram using a variety of given data

Chapter 51: Ecology and Animal Behavior
Know these vocabulary words: endotherm, ectotherm, heterotroph, autotropoh, producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, decomposer, r-strategist, k-strategist, density dependent population growth factors, density independent population growth factors, carrying capacity, invasive species, abiotic factors, biotic factors, keystone species, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism. 

What is the effect of changing a portion of a community's trophic structure on the rest of the community? Be specific. Pick an example to help explain.

What happens to the energy as you go up the trophic levels? Is their a limit of trophic levels?

A population of 1500 frogs live in a lake with a carrying capacity of 2500. What is the maximum growth rate (r_max) if the population grows to 1590 in one year?

What is the effect of invasive species on a community? Why?

Describe a population within a community and explain density dependent and density independent factors that affect the population.

What types of communities are the most stable?

What are some long term effects of deforestation?

What are some examples of each type of symbiotic relationship, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism? 

How can you determine if a species is a keystone species?