Journal Entry:

An unknown, monoprotic acid is titrated with a strong base. At the beginning of the titration, the pH = 2 and equivalence is reached at pH 8. Which of the following species is present in the highest concentration at pH 3 (the titration has not yet reached half equivalence)?

(A) HA
(B) A^-
(C) H₃O⁺
(D) OH^-

Learning Intentions

• We will learn how to use your equation sheet to help you solve FRQ problems about equilibrium

• We will learn what a buffer is and what kind of solutions make a good buffer.

• We will learn how a buffer works at the particle level while observing a real life buffer solution in action. 

Closing Task:

You can solve equilibrium FRQs using your equation sheet and values given.

Content Standards being covered:

Chemical equilibrium reasoning can be used to describe the proton-transfer reactions of acid base chemistry. (E.K.6.C.1)

The pH is an important characteristic of aqueous solutions that can be controlled with buffers. Comparing pH to pKa allows one to determine the protonation state of a molecular with a labile proton. (E.K. 6.C.2)